马耳他英文介绍

马耳他英文介绍

马耳他”一词当今不同的变体尽管起源于马耳他系语言，但其起源无从考究。通常的词源学说法认为它来自于希腊语中μέλι（音meli）一词，意为“蜜”。希腊人称这个岛为Μελίτη（音Melite），意指“蜜”或是“甘甜”，这可能是由于马耳他岛出产一种独特的蜜。马耳他曾居住着一种土产蜜蜂，使得它被昵称为“甜蜜之地”。不仅希腊人早在前700年就对马耳他岛富有影响，使用希腊语的拜占庭帝国也在公元395年至公元870年间统治过马耳他。

另一种说法认为“马耳他”来自于腓尼基语词“Maleth”，意为避风港。

[编辑]历史

主条目：马耳他历史

公元前10世纪起，腓尼基人便在此定居，前8世纪马耳他被希腊人占领，前4世纪又被迦太基占领。前218年始被古罗马统治。9世纪起马耳他又先后被拜占庭帝国、阿拉伯帝国、诺曼人统治。1523年，圣约翰骑士团从罗得岛移居这里，并获得神圣罗马帝国皇帝查理五世的承认。这支骑士团后改名为马耳他骑士团。1565年的马耳他大围攻战役中，骑士团击败了奥斯曼帝国，此次战役是马耳他历史上最重大的事件，因为它阻止了奥斯曼帝国进一步向西扩张。1798年，拿破仑率法国军队将骑士团逐出。1800年英国占领马耳他。1814年正式沦为英国殖民地。1964年9月21日正式独立，为英联邦成员国，2004年5月1日成为欧盟会员国，在2007年12月21日成为申根公约会员国。

政治

主条目：马尔他政治

1964年7月21日颁布的独立宪法规定，马耳他为君主立宪制政体，英国女王为马耳他国家元首。1974年12月13日修改宪法，马耳他成为共和国，总统为国家元首，由议会选举产生，任期五年。议会为一院制，称众议院。

[编辑]地理

Malta "in different variants of today originated in Malta, despite the Department of the language, but its origin no way elegant. Etymology usually say that it comes from the Greek μέλι (sound meli) word, meaning" honey. " The Greeks called this island Μελίτη (sound Melite), means "honey" or "sweet", which may be due to the island of Malta produced a unique honey. Malta has lived a kind of native bees, so it was nicknamed " Sweet Land. "Greeks not only the first 700 years earlier on the impact on the Maltese island of the rich, using the Greek Byzantine Empire, AD 395 to AD is also 870 years of rule over Malta.

Another way of saying that "Malta" comes from the Phoenician word "Maleth", meaning safe haven.

[Edit] History

Main article: History of Malta

10th century BC, the Phoenicians have this settled before the 8th century, Malta was occupied by the Greeks, before the 4th century Carthage was again occupied. 218 BC before they were Roman rule. Malta since the 9th century Byzantine Empire, it has been, the Arab Empire, the Normans rule. 1523, the Knights of St. John's moved here from Rhode Island, and received Holy Roman Emperor Charles V recognized. Zhezhi renamed after the Knights of Malta. Great siege of Malta 1565 campaign, the Knights defeated the Ottoman Empire, Malta, the battle is the most important event in history, because it prevented the further westward expansion of the Ottoman Empire. 1798, Napoleon rate of the Knights out of the French army. In 1800 the British occupation of Malta. 1814 formally became a British colony. September 21, 1964 formal independence for the Commonwealth, May 1, 2004 the EU Member States, in the December 21, 2007 to become Member States of the Schengen Convention.

[Edit] Politics

Main article: Maltese politics

July 21, 1964 issued by the independent constitution, Malta was a constitutional monarchy form of government, the British Queen as Head of State of Malta. December 13, 1974 to amend the constitution, Malta became a republic, the president as head of state, elected by Parliament for five years. A unicameral parliament, called the House of Representatives.